Satellite Constellations Are Too Bright for Astronomy
Satellite constellations launched by industries and governments, including Starlink, BlueBird, Qianfan, Guowang, OneWeb, and Kuiper, are increasingly bright and interfere with both amateur and professional astronomy. The International Astronomical Union’s Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky has set brightness limits to keep satellites invisible to the naked eye, but research by Anthony Mallama and Richard Cole shows most satellites exceed these limits, with only OneWeb and Starlink Mini satellites at 485 km meeting the aesthetic or research brightness criteria.
